阅读文章原文：http://ijabe.net/article/doi/10.25165/j.ijabe.20241701.7596

中国丘陵山地姿态调整型小型玉米收获机设计与试验分析

陈美舟1，徐广飞1,2，魏元振3，张银平1，刁培松1*，逄焕晓1

（1. 山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院，淄博 255000，山东，中国；

2. 聊城大学机械与汽车工程学院，聊城 252000，山东，中国；

3. 山东省农业机械研究院，济南 250000，山东，中国）

摘要：针对中国丘陵山区耕地面积小、斜坡大，不利于玉米机械化收获等问题，设计了一种姿态可调整的小型玉米收获机用于实现玉米果穗的采摘、剥皮、秸秆粉碎和机具姿态的实时调整。

本文介绍了收获机的基本结构和工作原理，并对关键部件进行如下设计。玉米摘穗装置采用摘穗板和拉茎辊组合式，拉茎辊间隙可根据不同的玉米品种进行调节。两对剥皮辊形成沟槽布置，提高了剥皮率，减少了穗粒损失。

压送装置主要由传动链和三级压送辊组成，以增加果穗与剥皮辊之间的摩擦力，帮助果穗滑动。根据高点静止追平法设计姿态调整方案。当机架姿态角接近0°时，小型玉米收获机达到水平状态。得到了姿态调整的实际范围，并通过姿态调整试验验证了静态姿态调整的精度。

通过正交试验确定了影响籽粒损失率和苞片剥净率的因素，包括拉茎辊、剥皮辊和压力给料辊的转速。利用Design Expert建立了试验因素与指标之间的数学回归模型，并通过方差分析验证各评价指标的显著性，确定拉茎辊、剥皮辊和压力给料辊的最佳转速分别为1440 r/min、1535 r/min和406 r/min。

在最佳工作参数组合下，摘穗率和苞片剥净率分别为1.33%和93.98%。该小型玉米收获机的设计指标符合国家有关标准，能够满足我国丘陵山区玉米机械化收获的需要。

关键词：玉米；收获机；丘陵山区；姿态调整；防侧翻机构

DOI：10.25165/j.ijabe.20241701.7596

引用信息： Chen M Z, Xu G F, Wei Y Z, Zhang Y P, Diao P S, Pang H X. Design and experiment analysis of the small maize harvester with attitude adjustment in the hilly and mountainous areas of China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2024; 17(1): 118-127.

Design and experiment analysis of the small maize harvester with attitude adjustment in the hilly and mountainous areas of China

Meizhou Chen1, Guangfei Xu1,2, Yuanzhen Wei3, Yinping Zhang1, Peisong Diao1*, Huanxiao Pang1

(1. College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China;

2. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China;

3. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250000, China)

Abstract：To solve the problem of small planting plots and large sloping land for mechanized maize harvesting in China hilly and mountainous areas, a small maize harvester with attitude adjustment was designed to realize maize snapping, peeling, straw crushing and attitude adjusting at on time in this study. The basic structure and working principle of the small maize harvester were described, and the key components were designed as follows. The maize snapping device adopted the combination form of maize snapping plates and straw pulling rollers, and the gap of the straw pulling rollers can be adjusted to adapt to different maize varieties. Two pairs of peeling rollers formed a groove arrangement to improve peeling rate and reduced ear grain loss. The pressure feeding device mainly comprised drive chain and three grade pressure feeding rollers to increase the friction between ears and the peeling rollers, and help ears slide. The attitude adjustment advice was designed according to the high point stationary pursuit leveling method. When the attitude angle of the rack approached 0, the small maize harvester reached the level state. The actual range of attitude adjustment was obtained and the accuracy of static attitude adjustment was verified through attitude adjustment test. The influencing factors of ear loss rate and bract peeling rate were determined by orthogonal test, including the rotational speed of straw pulling rollers, peeling rollers and pressure feeding rollers. The mathematical regression model between the experimental factors and indicators was established by using Design Expert, and through the analysis variance to verify the significance of the evaluation indicators, the best combination of operation parameters was determined that the rotational speed of straw pulling rollers, peeling rollers and pressure feeding rollers were 1440 r/min, 1535 r/min and 406 r/min. Under the optimal combination of the operation parameters, the ear loss rate and bract peeling rate were 1.33% and 93.98%. The design indicators of the small maize harvester can meet the relevant national standards, and can satisfy the need of maize mechanized harvesting in China hilly and mountainous areas.

Keywords: maize, harvester, hilly and mountains areas, attitude adjustment, anti rollover structure

DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20241701.7596

Citation: Chen M Z, Xu G F, Wei Y Z, Zhang Y P, Diao P S, Pang H X. Design and experiment analysis of the small maize harvester with attitude adjustment in the hilly and mountainous areas of China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2024; 17(1): 118-127.

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